The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that speaking out to reveal racism in rugby union brought his professional journey to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and understand that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not gather enough evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant focus on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive environments, with its success tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in under-served communities and help them thrive on and off the field with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if nobody else is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable fellow players will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the horns and keep bearing this banner and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022